Diagnosis: Malaria is typically diagnosed through blood tests to identify the specific parasite species causing the infection.
Antimalarial Medications: Treatment depends on the malaria parasite type and disease severity. Common medications include:
- Chloroquine: Used for uncomplicated malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium malariae, though resistance is prevalent in some areas.
- Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs): Recommended for uncomplicated malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, the most lethal parasite. Examples are artemether-lumefantrine, artesunate-amodiaquine, among others.
- Alternative Medications: In regions with chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum, options like quinine plus doxycycline or atovaquone-proguanil may be used.
Treatment of Severe Malaria: Severe cases require hospitalization and may involve IV medications such as quinine or artesunate. Supportive care manages complications like organ failure or severe anemia.
Supportive Care: Addresses symptoms such as fever and dehydration. Intensive care may be needed for stabilization in severe cases.
Preventing Complications: Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial to prevent severe outcomes and reduce mortality from malaria.
Follow-Up: Patients should be closely monitored post-treatment to ensure complete recovery and manage any lingering symptoms or complications.
Note: Treatment choices and guidelines may vary based on local drug resistance and recommendations from health authorities like the WHO or CDC. Consult healthcare professionals familiar with current malaria treatment guidelines in your area.
