Expert Sinus Surgery in Delhi

Indications

Sinus surgery is indicated for:

• Chronic sinusitis that does not respond to medical therapy.
• Recurrent sinus infections.
• Nasal polyps causing obstruction.
• Fungal sinus infections.
• Sinus tumors or other abnormal growths.
• Structural abnormalities such as a deviated septum contributing to sinus problems.

Types of Sinus Surgery

1. Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)
   • Procedure: The most common type of sinus surgery, performed using an endoscope (a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light) inserted through the nostrils.
   • Indications: Chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps, and other obstructive conditions.
   • Advantages: Minimally invasive, with no external incisions and quicker recovery.
   • Disadvantages: Requires surgical expertise, and recurrence of polyps is possible.
2. Balloon Sinuplasty
   • Procedure: A balloon catheter is inserted into the blocked sinus passage and inflated to widen the opening.
   • Indications: Chronic sinusitis with specific anatomical blockages.
   • Advantages: Minimally invasive, quick recovery, and can be performed in an office setting.
   • Disadvantages: Not suitable for all types of sinus disease.
3. Caldwell-Luc Operation
   • Procedure: An older technique where an incision is made in the upper gum to access the maxillary sinus, removing diseased tissue and creating a new drainage pathway.
   • Indications: Chronic maxillary sinusitis not responsive to other treatments.
   • Advantages: Effective for specific cases.
   • Disadvantages: More invasive, longer recovery, and potential for complications like numbness of the teeth.
4. Image-Guided Surgery
   • Procedure: Uses CT scans and real-time imaging to guide the surgeon precisely.
   • Indications: Complex or recurrent sinus disease, previous sinus surgery.
   • Advantages: Increased accuracy and safety, especially in complicated cases.
   • Disadvantages: Requires specialized equipment and expertise.

Procedure Steps for Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)

1. Preoperative Preparation
   • Comprehensive medical evaluation and history.
   • CT scan or MRI to assess sinus anatomy and disease extent.
   • Instructions on preoperative fasting and medication adjustments.
2. Anesthesia
   • General anesthesia is commonly used to ensure patient comfort and immobility.
3. Surgical Procedure
   • Endoscope Insertion: The endoscope is inserted through the nostrils to visualize the sinus cavities.
   • Tissue Removal: Specialized instruments are used to remove obstructions such as polyps, diseased tissue, or bone.
   • Sinus Drainage: Natural drainage pathways are widened to improve sinus ventilation and drainage.
   • Completion: The surgical area is cleaned, and packing may be placed to control bleeding.
4. Postoperative Care
   • Pain Management: Pain relief medications as prescribed.
   • Nasal Care: Regular saline nasal irrigations to keep the nasal passages clean and promote healing.
   • Activity Restrictions: Avoid strenuous activities, heavy lifting, and nose blowing for a few weeks.
   • Follow-Up: Regular follow-up visits to monitor healing, remove any packing, and assess for complications.

Risks and Complications

• Infection: Risk of infection post-surgery.
• Bleeding: Some bleeding is normal, but significant or persistent bleeding should be reported.
• Scarring: Formation of scar tissue that may cause obstruction.
• Orbital Injury: Rare risk of damage to the eye socket.
• CSF Leak: Rare risk of cerebrospinal fluid leak.

Recovery

• Initial Recovery: Swelling, congestion, and mild discomfort are common in the first few days. Most patients can return to normal activities within a week.
• Long-Term Recovery: Full healing and resolution of symptoms may take several weeks to months. Regular follow-up is crucial to ensure proper healing and to manage any complications.

Conclusion

Sinus surgery, particularly Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS), is effective for treating chronic and recurrent sinusitis and other sinus-related conditions. The choice of surgical technique depends on the underlying condition, the extent of disease, and the surgeon’s expertise. Proper preoperative planning, skilled surgical technique, and diligent postoperative care are essential for achieving the best outcomes. Patients should follow their surgeon’s instructions closely to ensure a smooth recovery and reduce the risk of complications. Regular follow-up is necessary to monitor healing and address any issues promptly.